External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi

Yong Liu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

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External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi

Yong Liu

Published in Hydrology (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 10 September 2019 Accepted: 2 December 2019 Published: 7 December 2019

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Abstract

Previous studies indicated that the population size would arrive at its “upper limits” under the intense water scarcity in Urumqi; yet the “upper limits” had been repeatedly exceeded. Two latest research paper put forward a new term “generalized water”, and estimated it under the framework of a noncompetitive input-output model. It was proved that generalized water made a main contribution to alleviate acute water scarcity in the past 40 years in the arid city, and answered the question why an urban population continues to grow under intensifying water scarcity. Another question is whether and how generalized water contributes to the continual development in the future in this city. This paper applied coefficients deduced from the noncompetitive input-output model, and set up a multi-objective linear programming model to investigate the question. Simulation results indicated that the upper limit of gross domestic products of Urumqi would be at most 1.3 times that in 2012; however, this “upper limit” was far more exceeded in 2018, about 1.7 times that in 2012. This phenomenon indicates that generalized water also made a main contribution to continual development, and this contribution mainly comes from external virtual water embodied in commodities. This contribution from generalized water results from the characteristic of dissipative structure in an urban economy, and it is suggested that polices should be designed to make the most use of generalized water.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
Page(s)	56-61
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

External Virtual Water, Continual Development, Generalized Water Management, Urumqi

References

[1]	UN-Water. 2007. "Coping with water scarcity: Challenge of the twenty first century." 〈http://www.unwater.org/wwd07/downloads/documents/escarcity.pdf.
[2]	Molden, D. 2007. "Water for food, water for life: A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture." Earthscan Ltd., London.
[3]	Rodriguez, C., Buynder, P. V., Lugg, R., Blair, P., Devine, B., Cook, A., Weinstein, P. 2009. "Indirect potable reuse: a sustainable water supply alternative." Environment Resource and Public Health, 6 (3), 1174-1209.
[4]	Shi, Y. B. 2007."Water Resources Situation and Challenges Facing China." China Economic Information, 8, 28-29. in Chinese.
[5]	Hu, H. Y., Yan, Z. Y. 1987. "Water resources and population problems in the economic construction of Urumqi-Karamay area." Northwest Population Journal, 02, 1-11. in Chinese.
[6]	Li, P. H., Jiang, P. F. 2013. "Research on The Development and Utilization of Water resources in Urumqi." Ground Water, 35 (2): 67-69. in Chinese.
[7]	Xia, F. Q., Tang, H., Yang, D. G., Wang, F. Z. 2014. "Water Resources Pressure of Oasis City and Its Impact on Urban Development." Arid Land Geography, 37 (2), 380-387. in Chinese.
[8]	Liu, Y. 2017. "Study on Generalized Water Resources: Contributions from A Non-competitive Water Input-Output Model in Urumqi." PhD Thesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences /Xinjiang University, 2017, p. 63-66.
[9]	Liu, Y., Yang, D. G, Lü, G. H. (2017) “Water scarcity and generalized water resources management in Urumqi: Contributions from noncompetitive water input-output model”, Journal of Water Resources Planning & Management, 143 (8): 04017038-1-04017038-9.
[10]	Liu, Y. 2018. "Why an Urban Population Continues to Grow Under Intensifying Water Scarcity: An Answer from Generalized Water Resources." Urban Water Journal (DOI: 10.1080/1573062X.2019.1595674) 2018, 11.
[11]	Chen, X. K., Yang, C. H. 2011. "Input-Output Technique." Science Press, first ed., Beijing (in Chinese).
[12]	National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2014. "Methods of Constructing China Input output table in 2012." China Statistical Press, first ed., Beijing (in Chinese).
[13]	Bureau of Statistics of Urumqi. 2013-2019. "Urumqi Statistical Year book 2013-2019." China Statistical Press, first ed., Beijing. in Chinese.
[14]	Policy Research Office of Urumqi. 2016. "The Red Line of Water Resources of Urumqi." Xinjiang Science Press, first ed., Urumqi. in Chinese.

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Yong Liu. (2019). External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology, 7(4), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

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ACS Style

Yong Liu. External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology. 2019, 7(4), 56-61. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

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AMA Style

Yong Liu. External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology. 2019;7(4):56-61. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11,
  author = {Yong Liu},
  title = {External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {56-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20190704.11},
  abstract = {Previous studies indicated that the population size would arrive at its “upper limits” under the intense water scarcity in Urumqi; yet the “upper limits” had been repeatedly exceeded. Two latest research paper put forward a new term “generalized water”, and estimated it under the framework of a noncompetitive input-output model. It was proved that generalized water made a main contribution to alleviate acute water scarcity in the past 40 years in the arid city, and answered the question why an urban population continues to grow under intensifying water scarcity. Another question is whether and how generalized water contributes to the continual development in the future in this city. This paper applied coefficients deduced from the noncompetitive input-output model, and set up a multi-objective linear programming model to investigate the question. Simulation results indicated that the upper limit of gross domestic products of Urumqi would be at most 1.3 times that in 2012; however, this “upper limit” was far more exceeded in 2018, about 1.7 times that in 2012. This phenomenon indicates that generalized water also made a main contribution to continual development, and this contribution mainly comes from external virtual water embodied in commodities. This contribution from generalized water results from the characteristic of dissipative structure in an urban economy, and it is suggested that polices should be designed to make the most use of generalized water.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi
AU  - Yong Liu
Y1  - 2019/12/07
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 56
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
AB  - Previous studies indicated that the population size would arrive at its “upper limits” under the intense water scarcity in Urumqi; yet the “upper limits” had been repeatedly exceeded. Two latest research paper put forward a new term “generalized water”, and estimated it under the framework of a noncompetitive input-output model. It was proved that generalized water made a main contribution to alleviate acute water scarcity in the past 40 years in the arid city, and answered the question why an urban population continues to grow under intensifying water scarcity. Another question is whether and how generalized water contributes to the continual development in the future in this city. This paper applied coefficients deduced from the noncompetitive input-output model, and set up a multi-objective linear programming model to investigate the question. Simulation results indicated that the upper limit of gross domestic products of Urumqi would be at most 1.3 times that in 2012; however, this “upper limit” was far more exceeded in 2018, about 1.7 times that in 2012. This phenomenon indicates that generalized water also made a main contribution to continual development, and this contribution mainly comes from external virtual water embodied in commodities. This contribution from generalized water results from the characteristic of dissipative structure in an urban economy, and it is suggested that polices should be designed to make the most use of generalized water.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Yong Liu

Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China

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APA Style

Yong Liu. (2019). External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology, 7(4), 56-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Yong Liu. External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology. 2019, 7(4), 56-61. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Yong Liu. External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi. Hydrology. 2019;7(4):56-61. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11,
  author = {Yong Liu},
  title = {External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {56-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20190704.11},
  abstract = {Previous studies indicated that the population size would arrive at its “upper limits” under the intense water scarcity in Urumqi; yet the “upper limits” had been repeatedly exceeded. Two latest research paper put forward a new term “generalized water”, and estimated it under the framework of a noncompetitive input-output model. It was proved that generalized water made a main contribution to alleviate acute water scarcity in the past 40 years in the arid city, and answered the question why an urban population continues to grow under intensifying water scarcity. Another question is whether and how generalized water contributes to the continual development in the future in this city. This paper applied coefficients deduced from the noncompetitive input-output model, and set up a multi-objective linear programming model to investigate the question. Simulation results indicated that the upper limit of gross domestic products of Urumqi would be at most 1.3 times that in 2012; however, this “upper limit” was far more exceeded in 2018, about 1.7 times that in 2012. This phenomenon indicates that generalized water also made a main contribution to continual development, and this contribution mainly comes from external virtual water embodied in commodities. This contribution from generalized water results from the characteristic of dissipative structure in an urban economy, and it is suggested that polices should be designed to make the most use of generalized water.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - External Virtual Water Contributes Greatly to Continual Development in Urumqi
AU  - Yong Liu
Y1  - 2019/12/07
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 56
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20190704.11
AB  - Previous studies indicated that the population size would arrive at its “upper limits” under the intense water scarcity in Urumqi; yet the “upper limits” had been repeatedly exceeded. Two latest research paper put forward a new term “generalized water”, and estimated it under the framework of a noncompetitive input-output model. It was proved that generalized water made a main contribution to alleviate acute water scarcity in the past 40 years in the arid city, and answered the question why an urban population continues to grow under intensifying water scarcity. Another question is whether and how generalized water contributes to the continual development in the future in this city. This paper applied coefficients deduced from the noncompetitive input-output model, and set up a multi-objective linear programming model to investigate the question. Simulation results indicated that the upper limit of gross domestic products of Urumqi would be at most 1.3 times that in 2012; however, this “upper limit” was far more exceeded in 2018, about 1.7 times that in 2012. This phenomenon indicates that generalized water also made a main contribution to continual development, and this contribution mainly comes from external virtual water embodied in commodities. This contribution from generalized water results from the characteristic of dissipative structure in an urban economy, and it is suggested that polices should be designed to make the most use of generalized water.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download