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Research Article
Assessment of Groundwater Potential Zones of Winike Catchment, Omo-Gibe Basin of Ethiopia Using Geospatial Techniques
Mezen Desse Agza*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-14
Received:
19 December 2024
Accepted:
3 January 2025
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.11
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Abstract: Water is one of the most necessary and essential natural resource which is found both in surface and subsurface areas of the earth to sustain human life, animals and plants. Expansion of population, agricultural activity leads to increment in requirements of freshwater. Groundwater is a major source of freshwater; it may serve as the base flow for rivers, or act as underground reservoir from which water can be extracted for different requirement. These days, the investigation of ground water potential zone mapping was conducted using geospatial approaches. Such applications were expanded and beneficial in identifying viable areas with minimal cost and short timelines, especially in underdeveloped countries where research funds were constrained. The research site experiences high shortage in satisfying the water requirements of the community. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate groundwater potential areas through low cost methods of geospatial techniques. For this reason, land use, soil, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, slope, and geology of the catchments were considered as the governing parameters for the potential site identification. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to select the major influencing factors for the site. Finally, weighted sum of overlay analysis was applied and the potential sites were validated through ground truth points (borehole data).
Abstract: Water is one of the most necessary and essential natural resource which is found both in surface and subsurface areas of the earth to sustain human life, animals and plants. Expansion of population, agricultural activity leads to increment in requirements of freshwater. Groundwater is a major source of freshwater; it may serve as the base flow for ...
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Research Article
Assessment of the Antimicrobial Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder in the Treatment of Water for Consumption in Cameroon: The Case of Borehole Water in the Kribi Area
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
15-21
Received:
2 December 2024
Accepted:
19 December 2024
Published:
23 January 2025
Abstract: Background: Drinking water is a vital natural resource whose effective access remains a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa, as in Cameroon, where the majority of the population is confronted with the consumption of untreated water from boreholes or wells that pose as health risks. As a result of this, the integration of biological processes for treating water using a non-toxic natural product; Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), could be a sustainable alternative for improving the quality of drinking water. The aim of this study was to assess, compared to the one in which of conventional antimicrobials, the antimicrobial effect of M. oleifera seed powder in the treatment of water for potable purpose in Kribi, Ocean Division in the South Region of Cameroon. Material and Methods: An experimental study was conducted from November 2023 to June 2024. Borehole water was collected from four different quarters (one each) in Kribi I and II and transported in a cooler to Yaounde within 24 hours, at the Microbiology Laboratory of the HIMT (Higher Institute of Medical Technology) for analyses. In the laboratory, we cultured these untreated waters, isolated and identified the microorganisms using conventional methods and API20E, and the antimicrobial susceptivity of microorganisms was determined according to disc diffusion methods for antibiotics and antifungals. The contaminated water with confirmed identified microorganisms were later treated with increasing concentrations (0.15 g, 0.25 g and 0.35 g) of M. oleifera seed powder. The antimicrobial activity of the Moringa seed powder was assessed again by calculating the microbiological deduction rate. Results: Four different types of microorganisms were isolated and identified from the borehole water samples, with frequencies of 25% for Escherichia coli, 25% for Staphylococcus aureus, 25% for Candida albicans and 25% for Candida sp. The sensitivity profile demonstrated that E. coli and S. aureus were sensitive to 13.33% and 23.08% respectively of the antibiotics tested, C. albicans and Candida. sp sensitive each to 100% of the antifungals tested. Microbiological activity rates with M. oleifera seed powder varied from 86.7% to 100% for E. coli, 83.34 to 100% for S. aureus, 100% each for Candida sp and C. albicans. Conclusion: Our findings revealed increasing antibacterial and antifungal activities of M. oleifera seed powder after a short settling time, thus demonstrating its importance in improving the quality of drinking water for human consumption and preventing health risks.
Abstract: Background: Drinking water is a vital natural resource whose effective access remains a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa, as in Cameroon, where the majority of the population is confronted with the consumption of untreated water from boreholes or wells that pose as health risks. As a result of this, the integration of biological processes for tr...
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Research Article
Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria
Olaseni Victor Babasola*,
Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
22-33
Received:
17 December 2024
Accepted:
10 January 2025
Published:
24 January 2025
Abstract: The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.
Abstract: The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs...
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Research Article
Modelling the Impacts of Land Use Land Cover Change on Hydrology and Sediment Yield in a Water Catchment in Central Uganda
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
34-50
Received:
11 October 2024
Accepted:
11 November 2024
Published:
5 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.14
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Abstract: This study investigated the influence of land use land cover change (LULC) on hydrology and sediment yield in a water catchment in Uganda. The Soil and Water assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of LULC on hydrology and sediment yield in upper Ssezibwa catchment. The calibrated and validated SWAT model based on observed streamflow data demonstrated good performance as indicated by the values during calibration (R2=0.85, NSE=0.82, KGE=0.76, PBIAS = -18.5) and validation (R2=0.72, NSE=0.66, KGE=0.66, PBIAS= -19.3). The model performance of for sediment yield is also good during calibration (R2=0.80, NSE=0.81, PBIAS = -17) and validation (R2=0.74, NSE=0.76, PBIAS= -19.7). Overall accuracy assessment of over 80% and Kappa statistics of 0.82, 0.84 and 0.80 for the years 2002, 2012 and 2022 respectively was satisfactory. Results indicated changes in the various LULC types in the catchment which increased the contribution to streamflow by surface runoff (130.2%) and 111.45% in 2002 - 2012, and 2012 – 2022 respectively, while Lateral flow and ground water flow decreased by -2.26% and -3.23% as well as -5.78% and -9.2% in 2002 - 2012, and 2012 – 2022 respectively. Sediment yield increased by 21.25% in 2002-2012 and 28.33% in 2012-2022. Results provide a solid foundation for better land use and water resource planning, monitoring and management as well as minimizing the costs of the impacts of flooding in Upper Ssezibwa catchment.
Abstract: This study investigated the influence of land use land cover change (LULC) on hydrology and sediment yield in a water catchment in Uganda. The Soil and Water assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of LULC on hydrology and sediment yield in upper Ssezibwa catchment. The calibrated and validated SWAT model based on observed strea...
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Research Article
Determination of Optimal Irrigation Scheduling for Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) Crop Under Rain Shelter for Effective Irrigation Water Management
Etefa Tilahun Ashine*,
Minda Tadesse Bedane,
Robel Admassu Lakewu
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
51-61
Received:
6 December 2024
Accepted:
31 December 2024
Published:
10 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.15
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Abstract: Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) is a staple vegetable and important cash crop in Ethiopia. However, extreme weather events and recurrent droughts affected the yield and quality of tomatoes and their marketability. Irrigation can mitigate the negative impacts of drought in a water-scarce area. Since water is scarce, it needs effective management for water productivity improvement and sustainable production. Effective management of water could be attained by irrigation scheduling, i.e, giving the required amount of water at the right time (when and how much) for the crop. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine the optimal depletion level of tomato for irrigation scheduling to effectively manage irrigation in a control environment under a rain shelter. The experiment was conducted at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center on the tomato Galilama variety under a rain shelter. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Five treatments of different depletion levels were randomized in the plots. All agronomic and crop management practices were applied to all treatments in accordance with the recommendations made for the crop. Tomato yield and growth parameters data were recorded, and the treatments were compared based on yield and growth parameters using the SAS 9.2 software. The result reveals that, the plant height, biomass, and tomato yield were not affected statistically (p > 0.05) due to the depletion level of water under the rain shelter. However, the maximum plant height and maximum yield were recorded at 60% of the available soil moisture depletion level, and the maximum biomass was recorded at 120% of the available soil moisture depletion. The different levels of depletion significantly influenced the root length, biomass, and water productivity of tomatoes. The statistical analysis result showed that the maximum root length of 31.05 cm was recorded at a 120% available soil moisture depletion level (ASMDL4). The maximum agricultural water productivity was obtained at 60% available soil moisture depletion level (ASMDL1). It could be recommended that 60% of the available soil moisturedepletion level was the best for yield improvement, water productivity and water management under the rain shelter for tomato production.
Abstract: Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) is a staple vegetable and important cash crop in Ethiopia. However, extreme weather events and recurrent droughts affected the yield and quality of tomatoes and their marketability. Irrigation can mitigate the negative impacts of drought in a water-scarce area. Since water is scarce, it needs effective management for w...
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