Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient K<sub>d</sub>(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry

Dandabathula Giribabu; Rohit Hari; Jayant Sharma; Aryan Sharma; Koushik Ghosh; Apurba Kumar Bera; Sushil Kumar Srivastav

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient K_d(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry

Dandabathula Giribabu, Rohit Hari, Jayant Sharma, Aryan Sharma, Koushik Ghosh, Apurba Kumar Bera, Sushil Kumar Srivastav

Published in Hydrology (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 9 April 2023 Accepted: 23 April 2023 Published: 17 May 2023

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Abstract

Bathymetry refers to the depth measurement of the topographic seafloor surface and is essential geophysical data for understanding the land-ocean interplay. Recently, researchers have taken advantage of photon penetration of the green laser of NASA ICESat-2 to profile the seafloor as a part of the bathymetric mapping of shallow nearshore coastal waters. Prerequisite conditions for using the ICESat-2 geolocated photons for reconstructing the bathymetric profiles include a preference for using nighttime acquisitions followed by applying refraction correction to the water column returned photons to correct the apparent depths due to the change in the speed of light that occurs at the air-water interface. The success of detecting the seafloor from the bathymetric profiles from ICESat-2 photons will depend on the optical clarity of the water. The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, K_d(490), measures how light dissipates with depth in water and indicates how strongly light intensity at 490 nm of wavelength is attenuated in the water column, providing a hint about the water clarity. In this research, we have explored ICESat-2's photon-based bathymetric mapping potential in relation to the K_d(490). ICESat-2 photon data and K_d(490) data from level-2 OLCI of Sentinel-3 A/B mission were acquired with overlapping dates to investigate the possible depth penetration of ICESat-2 photons in the shallow waters during clear water conditions and sediment load periods. Two nearshore study sites were chosen that are located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. This research proves that the ICESat-2 photons can successfully reflect from the seafloor in shallow waters while the optical water condition is clear, during which the K_d(490) is less than 0.12 m^-1. On the contrary, during the periods of sediment load in the water, where the K_d(490) is above 0.15 m^-1, the ray tracing mechanism of ICESat-2 photons has been impacted due to absorption and scattering caused by the sediments load in the water column; thus, seafloor detection by ICESat-2 photons will not be successful in sediment loaded waters. The results from this research suggest the necessity of K_d(490) to be complementary data with ICESat-2 photons for successful bathymetric applications.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
Page(s)	11-22
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bathymetry, ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons, Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient, Sentinel-3 OLCI, K_d(490)

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Dandabathula Giribabu, Rohit Hari, Jayant Sharma, Aryan Sharma, Koushik Ghosh, et al. (2023). Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology, 11(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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Dandabathula Giribabu; Rohit Hari; Jayant Sharma; Aryan Sharma; Koushik Ghosh, et al. Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology. 2023, 11(1), 11-22. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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Dandabathula Giribabu, Rohit Hari, Jayant Sharma, Aryan Sharma, Koushik Ghosh, et al. Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology. 2023;11(1):11-22. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12,
  author = {Dandabathula Giribabu and Rohit Hari and Jayant Sharma and Aryan Sharma and Koushik Ghosh and Apurba Kumar Bera and Sushil Kumar Srivastav},
  title = {Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20231101.12},
  abstract = {Bathymetry refers to the depth measurement of the topographic seafloor surface and is essential geophysical data for understanding the land-ocean interplay. Recently, researchers have taken advantage of photon penetration of the green laser of NASA ICESat-2 to profile the seafloor as a part of the bathymetric mapping of shallow nearshore coastal waters. Prerequisite conditions for using the ICESat-2 geolocated photons for reconstructing the bathymetric profiles include a preference for using nighttime acquisitions followed by applying refraction correction to the water column returned photons to correct the apparent depths due to the change in the speed of light that occurs at the air-water interface. The success of detecting the seafloor from the bathymetric profiles from ICESat-2 photons will depend on the optical clarity of the water. The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Kd(490), measures how light dissipates with depth in water and indicates how strongly light intensity at 490 nm of wavelength is attenuated in the water column, providing a hint about the water clarity. In this research, we have explored ICESat-2's photon-based bathymetric mapping potential in relation to the Kd(490). ICESat-2 photon data and Kd(490) data from level-2 OLCI of Sentinel-3 A/B mission were acquired with overlapping dates to investigate the possible depth penetration of ICESat-2 photons in the shallow waters during clear water conditions and sediment load periods. Two nearshore study sites were chosen that are located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. This research proves that the ICESat-2 photons can successfully reflect from the seafloor in shallow waters while the optical water condition is clear, during which the Kd(490) is less than 0.12 m-1. On the contrary, during the periods of sediment load in the water, where the Kd(490) is above 0.15 m-1, the ray tracing mechanism of ICESat-2 photons has been impacted due to absorption and scattering caused by the sediments load in the water column; thus, seafloor detection by ICESat-2 photons will not be successful in sediment loaded waters. The results from this research suggest the necessity of Kd(490) to be complementary data with ICESat-2 photons for successful bathymetric applications.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry
AU  - Dandabathula Giribabu
AU  - Rohit Hari
AU  - Jayant Sharma
AU  - Aryan Sharma
AU  - Koushik Ghosh
AU  - Apurba Kumar Bera
AU  - Sushil Kumar Srivastav
Y1  - 2023/05/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 11
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
AB  - Bathymetry refers to the depth measurement of the topographic seafloor surface and is essential geophysical data for understanding the land-ocean interplay. Recently, researchers have taken advantage of photon penetration of the green laser of NASA ICESat-2 to profile the seafloor as a part of the bathymetric mapping of shallow nearshore coastal waters. Prerequisite conditions for using the ICESat-2 geolocated photons for reconstructing the bathymetric profiles include a preference for using nighttime acquisitions followed by applying refraction correction to the water column returned photons to correct the apparent depths due to the change in the speed of light that occurs at the air-water interface. The success of detecting the seafloor from the bathymetric profiles from ICESat-2 photons will depend on the optical clarity of the water. The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Kd(490), measures how light dissipates with depth in water and indicates how strongly light intensity at 490 nm of wavelength is attenuated in the water column, providing a hint about the water clarity. In this research, we have explored ICESat-2's photon-based bathymetric mapping potential in relation to the Kd(490). ICESat-2 photon data and Kd(490) data from level-2 OLCI of Sentinel-3 A/B mission were acquired with overlapping dates to investigate the possible depth penetration of ICESat-2 photons in the shallow waters during clear water conditions and sediment load periods. Two nearshore study sites were chosen that are located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. This research proves that the ICESat-2 photons can successfully reflect from the seafloor in shallow waters while the optical water condition is clear, during which the Kd(490) is less than 0.12 m-1. On the contrary, during the periods of sediment load in the water, where the Kd(490) is above 0.15 m-1, the ray tracing mechanism of ICESat-2 photons has been impacted due to absorption and scattering caused by the sediments load in the water column; thus, seafloor detection by ICESat-2 photons will not be successful in sediment loaded waters. The results from this research suggest the necessity of Kd(490) to be complementary data with ICESat-2 photons for successful bathymetric applications.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Dandabathula Giribabu

Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Jodhpur, India
Rohit Hari

Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Jodhpur, India
Jayant Sharma

Computer Science Department, Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre (JECRC) University, Jaipur, India
Aryan Sharma

Department of Geography, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Koushik Ghosh

Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Jodhpur, India
Apurba Kumar Bera

Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Jodhpur, India
Sushil Kumar Srivastav

Regional Centres, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, New Delhi, India

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Dandabathula Giribabu, Rohit Hari, Jayant Sharma, Aryan Sharma, Koushik Ghosh, et al. (2023). Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology, 11(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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ACS Style

Dandabathula Giribabu; Rohit Hari; Jayant Sharma; Aryan Sharma; Koushik Ghosh, et al. Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology. 2023, 11(1), 11-22. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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AMA Style

Dandabathula Giribabu, Rohit Hari, Jayant Sharma, Aryan Sharma, Koushik Ghosh, et al. Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry. Hydrology. 2023;11(1):11-22. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12,
  author = {Dandabathula Giribabu and Rohit Hari and Jayant Sharma and Aryan Sharma and Koushik Ghosh and Apurba Kumar Bera and Sushil Kumar Srivastav},
  title = {Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {11-22},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20231101.12},
  abstract = {Bathymetry refers to the depth measurement of the topographic seafloor surface and is essential geophysical data for understanding the land-ocean interplay. Recently, researchers have taken advantage of photon penetration of the green laser of NASA ICESat-2 to profile the seafloor as a part of the bathymetric mapping of shallow nearshore coastal waters. Prerequisite conditions for using the ICESat-2 geolocated photons for reconstructing the bathymetric profiles include a preference for using nighttime acquisitions followed by applying refraction correction to the water column returned photons to correct the apparent depths due to the change in the speed of light that occurs at the air-water interface. The success of detecting the seafloor from the bathymetric profiles from ICESat-2 photons will depend on the optical clarity of the water. The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Kd(490), measures how light dissipates with depth in water and indicates how strongly light intensity at 490 nm of wavelength is attenuated in the water column, providing a hint about the water clarity. In this research, we have explored ICESat-2's photon-based bathymetric mapping potential in relation to the Kd(490). ICESat-2 photon data and Kd(490) data from level-2 OLCI of Sentinel-3 A/B mission were acquired with overlapping dates to investigate the possible depth penetration of ICESat-2 photons in the shallow waters during clear water conditions and sediment load periods. Two nearshore study sites were chosen that are located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. This research proves that the ICESat-2 photons can successfully reflect from the seafloor in shallow waters while the optical water condition is clear, during which the Kd(490) is less than 0.12 m-1. On the contrary, during the periods of sediment load in the water, where the Kd(490) is above 0.15 m-1, the ray tracing mechanism of ICESat-2 photons has been impacted due to absorption and scattering caused by the sediments load in the water column; thus, seafloor detection by ICESat-2 photons will not be successful in sediment loaded waters. The results from this research suggest the necessity of Kd(490) to be complementary data with ICESat-2 photons for successful bathymetric applications.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prerequisite Condition of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient Kd(490) for Detecting Seafloor from ICESat-2 Geolocated Photons During Shallow Water Bathymetry
AU  - Dandabathula Giribabu
AU  - Rohit Hari
AU  - Jayant Sharma
AU  - Aryan Sharma
AU  - Koushik Ghosh
AU  - Apurba Kumar Bera
AU  - Sushil Kumar Srivastav
Y1  - 2023/05/17
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 11
EP  - 22
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20231101.12
AB  - Bathymetry refers to the depth measurement of the topographic seafloor surface and is essential geophysical data for understanding the land-ocean interplay. Recently, researchers have taken advantage of photon penetration of the green laser of NASA ICESat-2 to profile the seafloor as a part of the bathymetric mapping of shallow nearshore coastal waters. Prerequisite conditions for using the ICESat-2 geolocated photons for reconstructing the bathymetric profiles include a preference for using nighttime acquisitions followed by applying refraction correction to the water column returned photons to correct the apparent depths due to the change in the speed of light that occurs at the air-water interface. The success of detecting the seafloor from the bathymetric profiles from ICESat-2 photons will depend on the optical clarity of the water. The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Kd(490), measures how light dissipates with depth in water and indicates how strongly light intensity at 490 nm of wavelength is attenuated in the water column, providing a hint about the water clarity. In this research, we have explored ICESat-2's photon-based bathymetric mapping potential in relation to the Kd(490). ICESat-2 photon data and Kd(490) data from level-2 OLCI of Sentinel-3 A/B mission were acquired with overlapping dates to investigate the possible depth penetration of ICESat-2 photons in the shallow waters during clear water conditions and sediment load periods. Two nearshore study sites were chosen that are located at the head of the Bay of Bengal. This research proves that the ICESat-2 photons can successfully reflect from the seafloor in shallow waters while the optical water condition is clear, during which the Kd(490) is less than 0.12 m-1. On the contrary, during the periods of sediment load in the water, where the Kd(490) is above 0.15 m-1, the ray tracing mechanism of ICESat-2 photons has been impacted due to absorption and scattering caused by the sediments load in the water column; thus, seafloor detection by ICESat-2 photons will not be successful in sediment loaded waters. The results from this research suggest the necessity of Kd(490) to be complementary data with ICESat-2 photons for successful bathymetric applications.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
ER  -

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