Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya; Hamidu Hassan; Jibrin Umar; Kachalla Musa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya, Hamidu Hassan, Jibrin Umar, Kachalla Musa

Published in Hydrology (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 25 January 2017 Accepted: 9 February 2017 Published: 10 January 2018

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Abstract

The Fluoride concentration of water sources from part of Yobe State has been investigated, Fluoride levels in Pond water is between 0.71 and 1.36 mg/l, Dugwells concentration is from 0.00 to 1.5mg/l. The sampled water from tube wells and boreholes have concentrations ranges of 0.65-1.5 mg/l and 0.00- 2.2 mg/l respectively with the level of concentration being a function of depth. Health risk assessment have revealed three classes of risk in terms of Fluoride concentration levels in the water with 16 samples representing 14.3% falling within the Risk class of 1.5≤ R≤ 2.5(risk). Individual consuming such water have the tendency of getting dental fluorosis. Origins of Fluoride in the water are from Fluoride bearing minerals like Micas, Amphiboles, Illites, Apatite, Topaz, and Cryolite which occur in the sandy and clayey layers, anthropogenic sources from agricultural and irrigated land and leachate from dumps are the other possible sources of Fluoride in the tube wells and ponds water respectively. The dissolution, distribution and concentration of Fluoride in groundwater in the area are favoured by the high temperature high evapotranspiration rate and low rainfall situation of the semi-arid climate. Geochemical situation that allowed the leaching of Fluoride into the water are; high Alkaline or soda water environment, anion exchange of OH for F of the aquifer material, water residence time in the aquifer and type of climate. Drab and Sierozem Soil types control and facilitate the mobility and leaching of Fluoride in arid and semi-arid area. Generally the result has shown the area to have medium to average concentration of Fluoride in its waters with the highest value slightly above the 1.5 mg/l of WHO (2011) safe limit for drinking water. Periodic monitoring of Fluoride in the water sources is recommended so as to minimize the chances of people taking in water with high undesirable harmful Fluoride concentration.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
Page(s)	96-101
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Geogenic Origin, Semi-Arid Area, Groundwater, Fluoride Bearing Minerals, Fluvial-Lacustrine Sediment, Yobe State

References

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Mohammad Yerima Kwaya, Hamidu Hassan, Jibrin Umar, Kachalla Musa. (2018). Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology, 5(6), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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ACS Style

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya; Hamidu Hassan; Jibrin Umar; Kachalla Musa. Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology. 2018, 5(6), 96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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AMA Style

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya, Hamidu Hassan, Jibrin Umar, Kachalla Musa. Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology. 2018;5(6):96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13,
  author = {Mohammad Yerima Kwaya and Hamidu Hassan and Jibrin Umar and Kachalla Musa},
  title = {Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {96-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20170506.13},
  abstract = {The Fluoride concentration of water sources from part of Yobe State has been investigated, Fluoride levels in Pond water is between 0.71 and 1.36 mg/l, Dugwells concentration is from 0.00 to 1.5mg/l. The sampled water from tube wells and boreholes have concentrations ranges of 0.65-1.5 mg/l and 0.00- 2.2 mg/l respectively with the level of concentration being a function of depth. Health risk assessment have revealed three classes of risk in terms of Fluoride concentration levels in the water with 16 samples representing 14.3% falling within the Risk class of 1.5≤ R≤ 2.5(risk). Individual consuming such water have the tendency of getting dental fluorosis. Origins of Fluoride in the water are from Fluoride bearing minerals like Micas, Amphiboles, Illites, Apatite, Topaz, and Cryolite which occur in the sandy and clayey layers, anthropogenic sources from agricultural and irrigated land and leachate from dumps are the other possible sources of Fluoride in the tube wells and ponds water respectively. The dissolution, distribution and concentration of Fluoride in groundwater in the area are favoured by the high temperature high evapotranspiration rate and low rainfall situation of the semi-arid climate. Geochemical situation that allowed the leaching of Fluoride into the water are; high Alkaline or soda water environment, anion exchange of OH for F of the aquifer material, water residence time in the aquifer and type of climate. Drab and Sierozem Soil types control and facilitate the mobility and leaching of Fluoride in arid and semi-arid area. Generally the result has shown the area to have medium to average concentration of Fluoride in its waters with the highest value slightly above the 1.5 mg/l of WHO (2011) safe limit for drinking water. Periodic monitoring of Fluoride in the water sources is recommended so as to minimize the chances of people taking in water with high undesirable harmful Fluoride concentration.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria
AU  - Mohammad Yerima Kwaya
AU  - Hamidu Hassan
AU  - Jibrin Umar
AU  - Kachalla Musa
Y1  - 2018/01/10
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 96
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
AB  - The Fluoride concentration of water sources from part of Yobe State has been investigated, Fluoride levels in Pond water is between 0.71 and 1.36 mg/l, Dugwells concentration is from 0.00 to 1.5mg/l. The sampled water from tube wells and boreholes have concentrations ranges of 0.65-1.5 mg/l and 0.00- 2.2 mg/l respectively with the level of concentration being a function of depth. Health risk assessment have revealed three classes of risk in terms of Fluoride concentration levels in the water with 16 samples representing 14.3% falling within the Risk class of 1.5≤ R≤ 2.5(risk). Individual consuming such water have the tendency of getting dental fluorosis. Origins of Fluoride in the water are from Fluoride bearing minerals like Micas, Amphiboles, Illites, Apatite, Topaz, and Cryolite which occur in the sandy and clayey layers, anthropogenic sources from agricultural and irrigated land and leachate from dumps are the other possible sources of Fluoride in the tube wells and ponds water respectively. The dissolution, distribution and concentration of Fluoride in groundwater in the area are favoured by the high temperature high evapotranspiration rate and low rainfall situation of the semi-arid climate. Geochemical situation that allowed the leaching of Fluoride into the water are; high Alkaline or soda water environment, anion exchange of OH for F of the aquifer material, water residence time in the aquifer and type of climate. Drab and Sierozem Soil types control and facilitate the mobility and leaching of Fluoride in arid and semi-arid area. Generally the result has shown the area to have medium to average concentration of Fluoride in its waters with the highest value slightly above the 1.5 mg/l of WHO (2011) safe limit for drinking water. Periodic monitoring of Fluoride in the water sources is recommended so as to minimize the chances of people taking in water with high undesirable harmful Fluoride concentration.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya

Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Hamidu Hassan

Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
Jibrin Umar

Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Nigeria
Kachalla Musa

African Development Bank-Assisted Rural Water Supply and Sanitation, Yobe State Sub-Programme, Damaturu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya, Hamidu Hassan, Jibrin Umar, Kachalla Musa. (2018). Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology, 5(6), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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ACS Style

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya; Hamidu Hassan; Jibrin Umar; Kachalla Musa. Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology. 2018, 5(6), 96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

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AMA Style

Mohammad Yerima Kwaya, Hamidu Hassan, Jibrin Umar, Kachalla Musa. Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria. Hydrology. 2018;5(6):96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13,
  author = {Mohammad Yerima Kwaya and Hamidu Hassan and Jibrin Umar and Kachalla Musa},
  title = {Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {96-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20170506.13},
  abstract = {The Fluoride concentration of water sources from part of Yobe State has been investigated, Fluoride levels in Pond water is between 0.71 and 1.36 mg/l, Dugwells concentration is from 0.00 to 1.5mg/l. The sampled water from tube wells and boreholes have concentrations ranges of 0.65-1.5 mg/l and 0.00- 2.2 mg/l respectively with the level of concentration being a function of depth. Health risk assessment have revealed three classes of risk in terms of Fluoride concentration levels in the water with 16 samples representing 14.3% falling within the Risk class of 1.5≤ R≤ 2.5(risk). Individual consuming such water have the tendency of getting dental fluorosis. Origins of Fluoride in the water are from Fluoride bearing minerals like Micas, Amphiboles, Illites, Apatite, Topaz, and Cryolite which occur in the sandy and clayey layers, anthropogenic sources from agricultural and irrigated land and leachate from dumps are the other possible sources of Fluoride in the tube wells and ponds water respectively. The dissolution, distribution and concentration of Fluoride in groundwater in the area are favoured by the high temperature high evapotranspiration rate and low rainfall situation of the semi-arid climate. Geochemical situation that allowed the leaching of Fluoride into the water are; high Alkaline or soda water environment, anion exchange of OH for F of the aquifer material, water residence time in the aquifer and type of climate. Drab and Sierozem Soil types control and facilitate the mobility and leaching of Fluoride in arid and semi-arid area. Generally the result has shown the area to have medium to average concentration of Fluoride in its waters with the highest value slightly above the 1.5 mg/l of WHO (2011) safe limit for drinking water. Periodic monitoring of Fluoride in the water sources is recommended so as to minimize the chances of people taking in water with high undesirable harmful Fluoride concentration.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Fluoride Concentration, Distribution and Geogenic Origin in Ground and Surface Water from Semi-Arid Region, Part of Yobe State North-eastern Nigeria
AU  - Mohammad Yerima Kwaya
AU  - Hamidu Hassan
AU  - Jibrin Umar
AU  - Kachalla Musa
Y1  - 2018/01/10
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 96
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20170506.13
AB  - The Fluoride concentration of water sources from part of Yobe State has been investigated, Fluoride levels in Pond water is between 0.71 and 1.36 mg/l, Dugwells concentration is from 0.00 to 1.5mg/l. The sampled water from tube wells and boreholes have concentrations ranges of 0.65-1.5 mg/l and 0.00- 2.2 mg/l respectively with the level of concentration being a function of depth. Health risk assessment have revealed three classes of risk in terms of Fluoride concentration levels in the water with 16 samples representing 14.3% falling within the Risk class of 1.5≤ R≤ 2.5(risk). Individual consuming such water have the tendency of getting dental fluorosis. Origins of Fluoride in the water are from Fluoride bearing minerals like Micas, Amphiboles, Illites, Apatite, Topaz, and Cryolite which occur in the sandy and clayey layers, anthropogenic sources from agricultural and irrigated land and leachate from dumps are the other possible sources of Fluoride in the tube wells and ponds water respectively. The dissolution, distribution and concentration of Fluoride in groundwater in the area are favoured by the high temperature high evapotranspiration rate and low rainfall situation of the semi-arid climate. Geochemical situation that allowed the leaching of Fluoride into the water are; high Alkaline or soda water environment, anion exchange of OH for F of the aquifer material, water residence time in the aquifer and type of climate. Drab and Sierozem Soil types control and facilitate the mobility and leaching of Fluoride in arid and semi-arid area. Generally the result has shown the area to have medium to average concentration of Fluoride in its waters with the highest value slightly above the 1.5 mg/l of WHO (2011) safe limit for drinking water. Periodic monitoring of Fluoride in the water sources is recommended so as to minimize the chances of people taking in water with high undesirable harmful Fluoride concentration.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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