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Research Article
Establishing Climate Change on Temperature Trend, Variation and Change Point Pattern in Warri, Nigeria
Kigigha Olali,
Ify Lawrence Nwaogazie*
,
Chiedozie Francis Ikebude
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
90-101
Received:
28 February 2025
Accepted:
10 March 2025
Published:
26 March 2025
Abstract: The study aimed to establish climate change on temperature trends, variation and change point patterns in Warri, Nigeria, using 31-year daily temperature data (1992-2022). The primary data were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for Warri to understand the temperature dynamic in the city. Both the annual maximum and minimum temperatures were extracted from the dataset and also the mean temperature was obtained by getting the mean temperature of the maximum temperature values. Mann-Kendall trend tests, linear regression, change point detection through CUSUM analysis, and Sequential Mann-Kendall tests were used for the trend and change point analyses. Results revealed statistically significant increasing trends in annual maximum temperature (0.02°C/year) and mean temperature (0.025°C/year), while minimum temperature showed a non-significant positive trend. Change point analysis identified significant shifts in maximum and mean temperatures around 2005-2006. The average annual maximum temperature was 36.35°C, with temperature yearly projections suggesting potential increases to nearly 40°C over the next century if current trends continue. These findings have important implications for urban infrastructure and industrial operations in Warri, particularly given its significance as a major oil and gas hub. The study provides crucial insights for climate adaptation planning in coastal industrial cities experiencing warming trends.
Abstract: The study aimed to establish climate change on temperature trends, variation and change point patterns in Warri, Nigeria, using 31-year daily temperature data (1992-2022). The primary data were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for Warri to understand the temperature dynamic in the city. Both the annual maximum and minimum te...
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Review Article
Comparative Analyses of Stationary and Non-Stationary IDF Rainfall Models for Umuahia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
102-113
Received:
31 March 2025
Accepted:
9 April 2025
Published:
29 April 2025
Abstract: This study aimed to develop IDF models and compare rainfall intensity obtained from the stationary and non-stationary IDF models for Umuahia in South-Eastern Nigeria. The research used a long-term rainfall dataset spanning three decades (1992-2022) sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The daily rainfall data recorded over 24 hours was downscaled to shorter periods using the Indian Meteorological Department model (IMD). For determining the best distribution fitting for the rainfall data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was utilised. The result from the K-S test revealed that Gumbel EVT-1 was the best-fitting distribution for creating the stationary IDF models. The GEVt-I model, which includes a time-dependent location parameter, proved the most effective for non-stationary models. The comparative analysis showed that non-stationary models forecasted greater rainfall intensities for shorter return periods (2-10 years), with variations between 4.93 and 16.16% for the 2-year return period. In contrast, for longer return periods (25-100 years), stationary models yielded higher intensity predictions, with differences ranging from -0.29 -13.21%. These results have important implications for infrastructure design and flood risk management in Umuahia, indicating that existing drainage systems based on stationary assumptions may be undersized by 5-16%, which could elevate the risk of flooding during typical rainfall events.
Abstract: This study aimed to develop IDF models and compare rainfall intensity obtained from the stationary and non-stationary IDF models for Umuahia in South-Eastern Nigeria. The research used a long-term rainfall dataset spanning three decades (1992-2022) sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The daily rainfall data recorded over 24 hours was d...
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Research Article
The Effects of ENSO Phenomenon on Rainfall and Crop Yield in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Gezahegn Mergia Tullu*,
Abebe Kebede Habtegebreal
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
114-125
Received:
14 January 2025
Accepted:
21 April 2025
Published:
22 May 2025
Abstract: The primary coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon responsible for regional and global climate variability over an interannual time period is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Evaluating the effects of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on rainfall and crop yield production over the Arsi zone is the primary goal. The issues facing decision-makers simply assign grades to individuals and communities without considering the effects of ENSO occurrences on crop yield and the various ways that seasonal rainfall is used in agriculture. The knowledge is restricted on El Niño and La Niña phenomena and their impact on crop production during the Belg and Kiremt seasons in the Arsi zone. The Central Statistical Service (CSS) provided agricultural data from 1995 to 2020, while https://data.chc.ucsb.edu/products/CHIRPS-2.0 provided satellite rainfall data from 1981 to 2021. Crop yields over the study period and the correlations between crop, ENSO phase, and rainfall data were established. When we examined the relationship between agricultural yields and rainfall during ENSO events, the crops showed that they produced more during neutral, El Niño, and La Niña events relative to rainfall amounts and the distribution showed a decline during El Niño compared to neutral and La Niña events. Meher and Belg crop yields were more affected by strong ENSO episodes. Over the Arsi zone, the ENSO phases affect the distribution of seasonal rainfall and agriculture productivity. In the end, this research can provide important insights for developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to lessen the effects of climate change.
Abstract: The primary coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon responsible for regional and global climate variability over an interannual time period is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Evaluating the effects of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on rainfall and crop yield production over the Arsi zone is the primary goal. The issues facing decision-makers si...
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Research Article
Hydraulic Performance Evaluation of Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure Serving Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya
Marita Nickson Kenyoru*,
Emmanuel Chessum Kipkorir,
Joel Kibiiy,
Ooro Charlotte
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
126-133
Received:
10 May 2025
Accepted:
9 June 2025
Published:
30 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251302.14
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Abstract: The hydraulic performance of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in irrigation schemes in many developing countries like in Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya is poor. The scheme grows rice under irrigation. It is important to evaluate the scheme to come up with measures that will assist the scheme’s managers to better understand the system they control to bring about improvements. The main objective of this research study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure serving Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya. The conveyance efficiency of the earthen main canal and the pumps’ performance efficiencies were researched. The research study employed both quantitative and qualitative research designs. The primary and secondary data types were collected. Specialized software was used in data analysis. The irrigation water conveyance efficiency of the earthen main canal of length 14.3km was measured and found to be 83.2%. The pumps’ average performance efficiency was measured as 47.05%. The conveyance losses along the earthen main canal were caused by the; infiltration losses of irrigation water from the canal’s bed, invasion of aquatic weeds in the canal, and failure of some of the water control structures along the earthen main canal to effectively control irrigation water in the canal. The pumps had low performance efficiencies because the pumps required maintenance and the pumps were at the end of their utility life and were due for replacement. This study recommends; the earthen main canal be lined with impermeable lining preferably by concrete, water control structures be rehabilitated, and the pumps be maintained or replaced with new ones.
Abstract: The hydraulic performance of irrigation and drainage infrastructure in irrigation schemes in many developing countries like in Ahero Irrigation Scheme in Kenya is poor. The scheme grows rice under irrigation. It is important to evaluate the scheme to come up with measures that will assist the scheme’s managers to better understand the system they c...
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Research Article
Hydro-geopolitics and Agricultural Cooperation Among Nile Basin States
Intikhab Ahmad,
Sayed Zaheen Alam,
Asmita Bakshi,
Rashmi Rani Anand*,
Mohammad Suhail
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
134-152
Received:
11 April 2025
Accepted:
3 June 2025
Published:
30 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251302.15
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Abstract: The Nile Basin is among the most contested regions in terms of water scarcity and the fair distribution of water resources. Food security remains a pressing concern for the countries within the basin, given their collective reliance on the Nile River and the growing pressures of climate change, population expansion, and limited resources. The challenge of achieving equitable and sustainable water use has fueled ongoing tensions, heightening the risk of conflict and further undermining regional food security. The paper examines the role of cooperation in specialised fields to achieve food security within the Nile basin countries. The study attempts to assess different collaboration options, water sharing and integrated cooperative approaches for better water management in addressing the multifaceted issues affecting food production, distribution and accessibility among the Nile basin countries and to assist riparian states in achieving food security. This paper advocates for a cooperative framework to promote dialogue and compromise, fostering regional stability and addressing shared challenges. Drawing from case studies and existing literature, it highlights the necessity of specialised expertise in disciplines such as agricultural science, hydrology, climatology, and technology in supporting food security initiatives. This paper argues that collaboration in specialized sectors is essential for achieving food security in the Nile Basin countries. It emphasizes the need to move beyond geopolitical rivalries by prioritizing common interests and fostering knowledge exchange, technical cooperation, and integrated approaches. By nurturing collaborative efforts and implementing context-specific strategies, the Nile basin countries can enhance agricultural productivity, alleviate hunger, and ensure a sustainable and prosperous future for their population.
Abstract: The Nile Basin is among the most contested regions in terms of water scarcity and the fair distribution of water resources. Food security remains a pressing concern for the countries within the basin, given their collective reliance on the Nile River and the growing pressures of climate change, population expansion, and limited resources. The chall...
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Research Article
Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index for Sustainable Drinking Water and Irrigation Management of Mbankomo (Center, Cameroon)
Achille Basile Anaba Onana*,
Derrick Kengni Kengmo,
Alix Audrey Nga Onana,
Jules Remy Ndam Ngoupayou
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
153-173
Received:
3 May 2025
Accepted:
3 June 2025
Published:
30 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20251302.16
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Abstract: Hydrochemistry is the study of chemical properties and processes that occur in water, including the interactions between water and the surrounding environment. To understanding the chemical composition of water and assess their suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose, water samples were collected of Mbankomo at 10 locations during rainy seasons. From theses samples, anions and cations were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Dionex ICS-1100 with 0.45 µm diameter. From de findings, it is clear that surface water has an average pH of 5.63 while, groundwater has an arithmetic mean pH of 5.94, with a range between 5.00 and 6.64. These data indicates that the water remains acidic. From the values of TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) (average value of 26.65 mg/l. in surface water; 27.30 to 118.38 mg/l, in groundwater) water samples in the study area are considered fresh (TDS < 1000 mg/l). Water in the research area acquires mineralization through a variety of natural geochemical processes, such as weathering, dissolution, ion exchange processes, and human activity. WQI (Water Quality Index), based on 14 major parameters indicate that water of study area are good to excellent and can use for drinking, irrigation and industry. The water of study area is suitable for irrigation for almost all types of crops with a possibility of limited sodium hazards.
Abstract: Hydrochemistry is the study of chemical properties and processes that occur in water, including the interactions between water and the surrounding environment. To understanding the chemical composition of water and assess their suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose, water samples were collected of Mbankomo at 10 locations during rainy sea...
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