Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Groundwater: Case Study Around an Archaeological Site, Abydos, Sohag, Egypt
Sherif Abu El-Magd,
Ahmed Abdel Moneim,
Ahmed Sefelnasr
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
34-40
Received:
2 July 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
3 September 2020
Abstract: Water is extremely essentials for existence of the human life, livestock and plants. With grows of world population rapidly and increasing reclamation extension, their needs for water increased dramatically. However, the increase of water discharge and lack of the sewage treatment and system in the study area and adequate industrial disposal system increase the contamination. In the current study, analysis of heavy metals contamination has been studied around the Osireion Lake. The quality index of the collected groundwater samples indicated that the water is of poor to unsuitable water class for domestic use. Some heavy metals such, B-1, Al+3, Fe+3, Mn+2, Ni+2, Ba+2, Cu+2, Pb+2, and Sr+2 were measured in the in the present study to assess the risk factor. The heavy metals contamination has been reported as a potential risk in the groundwater in the study area. Iron and Manganese show some values higher than the maximum permissible of WHO. Iron might have resulted from the interaction of oxidized Fe minerals and organic matter. Strontium and Barium reveal higher values, therefore the higher concentrations of Sr+2 and Ba+2 indicating that the source could be a result of anthropogenic through fertilizer in agricultural activity causes an input of Sr+2 and Ba+2. It is believed that the mixing of groundwater with agricultural return flow and sewage waste, increase the concentration levels of pollutants.
Abstract: Water is extremely essentials for existence of the human life, livestock and plants. With grows of world population rapidly and increasing reclamation extension, their needs for water increased dramatically. However, the increase of water discharge and lack of the sewage treatment and system in the study area and adequate industrial disposal system...
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Hydrological Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on River Nile Hydrology Within Sudan
Mansour Ahmed Mordos,
El Sadig Abdellah Sharfi,
Bouran Awadh Mohammed,
Kevin Wheeler
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
41-51
Received:
11 April 2020
Accepted:
1 September 2020
Published:
19 September 2020
Abstract: This paper aims to quantify the potential impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the River Nile System within Sudan territories, in the context of hydrology. GERD reservoir with a capacity of (74 Km3) is approximately 1.5 times the mean annual flow of the Blue Nile, which contributes by 57% of the River Nile runoff. According to Ethiopian proposal, the GERD is going to be filled to the full supply level of 640 m a.m.s.l in 6 to 7 years. The first filling of GERD reservoir was planned to be in 2014, but it is postponed until the writing of this report. However, it's most likely to be started this year 2020. Consequently, significant impacts are highly anticipated during this first filling period, and all over the long-term operation. Definitely, this will change the Blue and Main Nile hydrological regime. In order to achieve the research objectives, a daily time step Rule Based Simulation model has been developed using River Ware Software (University of Colorado) representing the entire River Nile system within Sudan. Three scenarios were adopted, baseline (Hydrological System without GERD), GERD first filling and long-term operation. River inflows, water levels, run-off and hydrograph shapes within Sudan water system were investigated and compared to the average baselines, taking into consideration the recent Dams’ operation policies and rules. In addition, a simple-approach operation scenario was adopted for GERD. Likewise, as hydrological inputs, 30 years of historical time series were used. Given the above, the hydrological impacts in six representative River Nile reaches within Sudan were estimated, then highlighted and judiciously investigated. In summary, it could be concluded that, during the first filling of GERD, the runoff of the Blue Nile will decrease by 30%. While, for the Long Run, significant changes are expected for to the Blue Nile hydrograph, resulting in slight to moderate changes for the Main Nile Hydrograph. It’s expected that the impacts of GERD on River Nile hydrology will lead to increasing average discharges during summer period by a range of 10 - 500% for different months and hydrology, on the other hand, reducing flood peak by approximately 10-25%. In the long run, Water Levels in different reaches are expected to vary by ± (2 to 3) meters. It's concluded that operation policies of the existing Sudanese dams will no longer be valid for the new Situation after GERD, further studies are highly recommended to be conducted.
Abstract: This paper aims to quantify the potential impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the River Nile System within Sudan territories, in the context of hydrology. GERD reservoir with a capacity of (74 Km3) is approximately 1.5 times the mean annual flow of the Blue Nile, which contributes by 57% of the River Nile runoff. According to E...
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Groundwater Zoning for the North-West Region of Bangladesh
Md. Iquebal Hossain,
Niamul Bari,
Iqbal Matin
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
52-61
Received:
29 August 2020
Accepted:
14 September 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: For proper planning and management of groundwater of an area, zoning of groundwater is essential which can be done by using modeling tool. Groundwater zoning is very important, especially for irrigation project as well as drinking needs. So, the present study aims to assess the zoning of groundwater at the Joypurhat district located in the north-west region of Bangladesh. MIKE SHE modelling tool has been used for this study. A groundwater flow model has been developed with calibrating for the period of 2001 to 2006 and validating for 1995 to 2000. As Hand Tube Well (HTW) and Shallow Tube Well (STW) operate under suction mode and they can operate with full efficiency when groundwater table remains within 6m from ground surface, this depth has been considered as the safe yield criteria. Groundwater zoning has been done based on the safe yield criteria. At the end of April groundwater level goes below 6m from the ground surface in Kali, Khetlal, Akkelpur and Panchbibi upazila. These areas are considered as deep zone. On the contrary, Joypurhat Sadarupazila is considered as the shallow zone because groundwater level remains within the 6 m from the ground surface in this upazila.
Abstract: For proper planning and management of groundwater of an area, zoning of groundwater is essential which can be done by using modeling tool. Groundwater zoning is very important, especially for irrigation project as well as drinking needs. So, the present study aims to assess the zoning of groundwater at the Joypurhat district located in the north-we...
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