Virtual Water and Its Share in Per-capita Water Availability (Case Study of Ethiopia)
Dereje Adeba,
Gedefa Lelisa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
21-35
Received:
22 February 2021
Accepted:
21 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Today, the security, stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations are threatened by the growing global water crisis. This crisis is partly due to water governance. Improving water infrastructure must be a priority, as water conservation and efficiency are key components of sustainable water management. The idea of virtual water import/export as a method to ease the pressure on the available domestic water resources is a concern for sustainable water management. This concept of virtual water further extends the scope of water resources management beyond the boundary of natural watershed. Since the water use of a given watershed can be influenced by water use outside of the watershed through virtual water transfers, it is not sufficient to confine the water resources management to the basin or catchment scale. The role of virtual water in bridging the gap between supply and demand of water is underestimated. Although invisible, the importance of ‘virtual water' can be an effective means for water-scarce countries to preserve their domestic water resources. This paper examines the virtual water concepts in relation to per capita water availability taking 2000 to 2015 years as the period of analysis. The results of the study showed that the total exported and imported virtual water in the period of analysis in Ethiopia is 113 billion m3 and 10.9 billion m3 respectively. These values showed that Ethiopia is a net virtual water exporter. The maximum and minimum per-capita water availability during the analysis period was 2590 m3/cap/year and 1740 m3/cap/year respectively. These results indicated no water stress in the period of analysis.
Abstract: Today, the security, stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations are threatened by the growing global water crisis. This crisis is partly due to water governance. Improving water infrastructure must be a priority, as water conservation and efficiency are key components of sustainable water management. The idea of virtual water ...
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Analysis and Design of Water Distribution Network Using EPANET: A Case Study of HSTU Campus of Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Md Belal Hossain,
Nirmal Chandra Roy,
Papon Chandra Biswas,
Md Nur Azad,
Estiak Yusuf
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
36-47
Received:
14 April 2021
Accepted:
3 May 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: This paper represents the analysis and design of the Water Distribution Network (WDN) system using EPANET for Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Supply of water is essentially required for academic, administrative, student hostel and residential buildings according to their occupancies. Water supply system with sufficient pressure head and technical sustainability is nowadays a challenging task for the researcher, respected authority and government tackling the crisis in provided safe water due to the rapid increase in population. EPANET is a public domain software developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which is used widely to design and analysis of water supply network system with reference to technical sustainability. HSTU is a renowned public university located at northern part of Bangladesh having 89 acres campus area and population around Ten Thousand (2020) including teachers, students and staffs. Present Water Distribution System in HSTU campus has been found inadequate to cover the total campus and most the building has individual suction pump. In recent future such types of water distribution network system in HSTU may or may not be suitable. Hence, this study is all about the analysis and design of a new water distribution network and provide conclusion about the suitability of the network for recent future. Various public demands, quantities of inflows and out flows of the over-head reservoir are taken into consideration during the analysis. Study materials are to be used for this study include HSTU campus plan, network parameters such as block wise population, and water demand, elevations, pipe length and EPANET software. An extended period simulation of water distribution network system is carried out during the analysis using EPANET. This study is carried to provide the knowledge about various demands, pressure head, pipe flow and diameter, head losses and a new network of supply will make aware of the new demands. Water distribution network system design using EPANET will provide an overall improvement over the existing network and evaluate the supply network for future.
Abstract: This paper represents the analysis and design of the Water Distribution Network (WDN) system using EPANET for Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Supply of water is essentially required for academic, administrative, student hostel and residential buildings according to their occupancies. Water suppl...
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Analysis of Groundwater Flow Modelling: The Case of Hormat-golina Sub-basin, Golina Basin, Ethiopia
Mengesha Tesfaw,
Tewodros Assefa Nigussie,
Sirak Tekleab
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
48-55
Received:
9 March 2021
Accepted:
11 May 2021
Published:
4 June 2021
Abstract: Analysis of the Groundwater flow can help to understand future water potential. This study has explored the predicted groundwater flow dynamics with climate change and anthropogenic stress in Hormat-Golina Sub-basin. Groundwater flow modeling in this Sub-basin has provided information about groundwater quantity as well as the quality aspect for decision-makers about groundwater accessibility. The initial head measured values before and after irrigation season has varied to a maximum of 0.8 m. The groundwater head level before and after irrigation season was varying from 9.3 m to 8.26 m in the Southern boundary. The groundwater head was obtained from 41.5 m to 38.83 m in the northwestern of the Sub-basin. The maximum drawdown depth had found to 0.27 m and 2.6 m before and after irrigated season around the pumped wells. The increased pumping rate with decreased recharge rate was replying to the groundwater head at the end of 2021 decreased by 2.81 m in the northwestern boundary of the Sub-basin as compared as using constant pumping rate with recharge rate. While decreased pumping with increased recharge rate was replying to the groundwater head at the end of 2021 has increased by 2.23 m in the northwestern boundary of the Sub-basin as compared as using constant pumping rate. The impacts of climate change and human pressure on groundwater begot as the threats in those supply wells. Decreased pumping with increased recharge rate was accomplishing to restore and protect the groundwater resources, which is the best option for groundwater restoration and monitoring.
Abstract: Analysis of the Groundwater flow can help to understand future water potential. This study has explored the predicted groundwater flow dynamics with climate change and anthropogenic stress in Hormat-Golina Sub-basin. Groundwater flow modeling in this Sub-basin has provided information about groundwater quantity as well as the quality aspect for dec...
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