Nitrification Activity of Water Sources in Dnipropetrovsk Region (Ukraine)
Hryhorenko Liubov Victorovna
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
67-72
Received:
28 January 2017
Accepted:
13 February 2017
Published:
23 October 2017
Abstract: In the decentralized water supply sources all tacsons, except 6 tacson, had an unfavorable self-purification processes and incompleteness of nitrification activity. Therefore the average annual indicators in the water samples, carried out in 1 – 5 tacsons, increased in dynamics by the nitrogen ammonia: from (0.24±0.05) to (0.43±0.20) mg/dm3, i.e. in 2.0 times, in comparison with content of nitrates: (5.95±0.06) to (14.72±5.57) mg/dm3, which increased in 2.5 times (p < 0.001). It was proved that water from decentralized sources in the 1 – 5 tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region did not correspond to the GOST 7525:2014 caursed by the high concentration of nitrites and nitrates between 2008 and 2014 year. Thus, according to the average annual indicators was identified high level of nitrites (42.5 MAC), nitrates (1.2 MAC) in the 1 tacson; (1.4 MAC) of nitrites and (2.0 MAC) of nitrates in the 4 tacson. Unfavorable nitrification activity in the decentralized drinking water sources in all tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region, except 6 tacson, in 2008 – 2014 years was shown incompleteness of the self-purification water in the rural settlements, causing primary morbidity among peasants as well as the blood and blood – forming organs, methemoglobinemia among infants due to a consumption of water from wells. In the centralized water supply sources of all tacsons was identified poor self-purification, as well as nitrogen ammonia decreased in dynamics for 2008 – 2014 years, while nitrites and nitrates contents increased. Only in the 2 tacson was significant decreased in dynamics of ammonia nitrogen (1.2 MAC) against rising of the nitrates levels (2.3 MAC) (p < 0.001). However, overnormal oxidation (1.09 MAC) in 2014, with increasing in dynamics for 2008 to 2014 year described organic nature of pollution in the given tacson. All tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region, except 2 tacson, did not correspond to some indicators: 1 tacson – nitrites (30.9 MAC) in 2012; 3 tacson – nitrogen ammonia (1.06 – 1.52) MAC in 2009, 2011, (1.42 MAC) in 2012, 2013, (1.36 MAC) in 2014; 4 tacson – oxidation (1.33 – 1.15) MAC in 2008, 2014; 5 tacson – nitrogen ammonia (1.02 MAC) in 2011, nitrites (1.6 MAC) in 2014, oxidation (1.21 MAC) in 2010. Recommended collective installations of drinking water purifiers, primarily in the medical – preventive and children's educational institutions in all rural tacsons of Dnipropetrovsk region.
Abstract: In the decentralized water supply sources all tacsons, except 6 tacson, had an unfavorable self-purification processes and incompleteness of nitrification activity. Therefore the average annual indicators in the water samples, carried out in 1 – 5 tacsons, increased in dynamics by the nitrogen ammonia: from (0.24±0.05) to (0.43±0.20) mg/dm3, i.e. i...
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Arsenic Removal by α, β and γ Cyclodextrin Polymers from Contaminated Water
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
73-76
Received:
27 October 2016
Accepted:
26 December 2016
Published:
31 October 2017
Abstract: α, β and γ cyclodextrin polymers (CDP) has been successfully tested for arsenic (As) removal from As contaminated water. Removal of As (III) was studied through batch adsorption experiment at pH 3.6 to 9.0 with different time ranges from 0.5 to 24 h. α, β and γ−CDP worked well at pH 6.8 but highest As removal (86.9%) was achieved from γ-CDP at pH 5.0 from the 100 µg L-1 As solution after 24 hours incubation. Considering the time, α-CDP has reached the maximum 86% As removal occurred at pH 6.8 within 30 minutes. But at highly acidic (pH 3.6) and basic medium (pH 9.0), all of these CDP did not performed well for As adsorption. α and β-CDP has the capability to reduce As is less than 20 µg L-1 at pH 6.8 and only γ-CDP has capable to achieve this limit at pH 5.0, which below the limit of As standard in Bangladesh (50 µg L-1). So, according to pH of water, this adsorbent might be used in different regions as and where is suitable.
Abstract: α, β and γ cyclodextrin polymers (CDP) has been successfully tested for arsenic (As) removal from As contaminated water. Removal of As (III) was studied through batch adsorption experiment at pH 3.6 to 9.0 with different time ranges from 0.5 to 24 h. α, β and γ−CDP worked well at pH 6.8 but highest As removal (86.9%) was achieved from γ-CDP at pH 5...
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The Barotropic Instability of the Oceanic Jet Currents
Alexander Alekseyevich Solovyev,
Dmitry Alexandrovich Solovyev
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
77-81
Received:
21 February 2017
Accepted:
28 March 2017
Published:
1 November 2017
Abstract: In this article we present the results of the laboratory experiments with shift currents in the homogenous shallow water generated by differentially rotating elements of the vessel bottom: central axisymmetric disk and outer coupled rings. Based on the experimental results, we explain the generation of vortex rings due to the development of barothropic or shift instability of currents. We show that the surface of the differentially rotating liquid in the horizontal rate shift zone creates the conditions for generating chains of vortices rotating clockwise. When changing the values of rate shift and the rotation rate of the whole system, the formation of modes of instability of vortex structures is observed, the conditions for which were quantified on the laboratory current stability diagram in Rossby and Ekman numbers. To interpret the experimental data we considered the solutions of the equations for quasi-two-dimensional geophysical currents in the form of elementary waves of the current function disturbance. We estimated the parameters of the perturbations development at the meanders of the different parts of Gulf Stream using the calculation of the increment of experimental curves for neutral stability. The evaluation results provide a basis for the development of realistic approaches to understanding the processes of generation and evolution of synoptic vortices in the meanders of intense oceanic jet currents.
Abstract: In this article we present the results of the laboratory experiments with shift currents in the homogenous shallow water generated by differentially rotating elements of the vessel bottom: central axisymmetric disk and outer coupled rings. Based on the experimental results, we explain the generation of vortex rings due to the development of barothr...
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